CNCMill: Difference between revisions

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[[Category:Hacking]]
[[Category:Hacking]]
= Links =
* Radial and Axial Depth of Cut
** [https://www.cnccookbook.com/2-tools-calculating-cut-depth-cut-widthstepover-milling/ Cut Depth and Stepover]
** https://www.harveyperformance.com/in-the-loupe/depth-of-cut/
*** Perimeter Milling
**** RDOC
***** Finishing: 3% - 5% of tool diameter
***** Roughing: 10% to 50% of tool diameter
**** ADOC
***** Shallower for roughing, deeper for finishing.
*** Slotting
**** ADOC
***** Roughing: 10% to 50% of tool diameter
***** Finishing (bottom): 3% - 5% of tool diameter
* Feeds & Speeds
** https://www.the-carbide-end-mill-store.com/Feeds-and-Speeds.html
** [[Feeds_and_Speeds]]


= G-Code =
= G-Code =


This may be specific to Acorn CNC at HSL.
This may be specific to Acorn CNC at HSL.
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-code


== Comments ==
== Comments ==
Line 71: Line 92:
== Arc Cuts ==
== Arc Cuts ==


G2 is a clockwise cut from the current position to the destination at { X, Y, Z } about the center { I, J, K }.
G2 is a clockwise cut from the current position { X1, Y1, Z1 } to the destination at { X2, Y2, Z2 } about the center { X1 + I, Y1 + J, Z1 + K }.
 
G3 is counterclockwise.


If the active plane is XY, all three Z's must be the same and do not need to be specified. The same applies for ZX and Y, and for YZ and X.
If the active plane is XY, all three Z's must be the same and do not need to be specified. The same applies for ZX and Y, and for YZ and X.
'''Note:''' I, J, and K are always incremental measurements from X1, Y1, Z1


<pre>
<pre>
Line 79: Line 104:
G90 (set absolute coordinates)
G90 (set absolute coordinates)
G1 X-1 Y0 Z0 (cut line to {-1, 0, 0 } at feed rate)
G1 X-1 Y0 Z0 (cut line to {-1, 0, 0 } at feed rate)
G2 X1 Y0 I0 J0 (cut arc to { 1, 0, 0 } about center at { 0, 0, 0 } )
G2 X1 Y0 I1 J0 (cut arc to { 1, 0, 0 } about center at { -1 + 1, 0 + 0, 0 } )
</pre>
</pre>


== Drill Array Pecking ==
== Drill Array Pecking ==


= Example =
TBD
 
== Bearing Cup ==


=== Find Center of Part ===
= Bearing Cup =
* [[BearingCupVersionOne]]
* [[BearingCupVersionTwo]]
* [[BearingCupVersionThree]]


* 25.4mm from long edge
= Gear Cutting =
* 13mm from short edge


=== Face Material ===
== G-Code ==


=== Drill Center ===
[[GearCuttingVersionOne]]


Zero Tool Z Manually w/ 5/16 drill, zero Z to drill shoulder.
== Notes ==


<pre>
* On a 30mm radius gear, error from 1 degree involute curve approximation is on the order of thousandths of a millimeter.
G21 (set units to millimeters)
* 20 degrees is the typical pressure angle.
G90 (set measurements to absolute, relative to machine zero)
* http://www.otvinta.com/gear.html
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above part)
** http://www.otvinta.com/tutorial01.html
G0 X0 Y0 (traverse to origin XY)
** Also: cnc-mill/involute_gear/calculator/Otvinta.com -- Involute Gear Calculator
F100 (set feed rate to 100mm per minute)
G1 Z-6 (peck to 6mm deep)
G0 Z6 (retract to 6mm above)
G0 Z0 (traverse to 0mm above)
G1 Z-12 (peck to 12mm deep)
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above)
</pre>


Zero Tool Z Manually w/ 5/8 drill, zero Z to drill shoulder.
== Not Profile-Shifted ==


<pre>
* Bottom of Root to Pitch Radius = module
G21 (set units to millimeters)
* Pitch Radius to Tip Radius = module
G90 (set measurements to absolute, relative to machine zero)
* module = distance along pitch radian from pitch circle at 0 radians to base circle at standard pressure angle radians
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above part)
** See: https://www.tec-science.com/mechanical-power-transmission/involute-gear/undercut/
G0 X0 Y0 (traverse to origin XY)
** "Calculation of the minimum number of teeth"
F100 (set feed rate to 100mm per minute)
* 14 teeth minumum (17 hypothetical, 14 practical, some stretch to 12)
G1 Z-4 (peck to 4mm deep)
G0 Z6 (retract to 6mm above)
G0 Z0 (traverse to 0mm above)
G1 Z-9 (peck to 9mm deep)
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above)
</pre>


=== Drill Screw Holes ===
== Profile Shifted ==


==== Drill Threaded Hole ====
* z=10, x=.4 pretty safe
* z=8, x=.4 probably works in practice
* https://khkgears.net/new/gear_knowledge/abcs_of_gears-b/gear_profile_shift.html
* http://www-mdp.eng.cam.ac.uk/web/library/enginfo/textbooks_dvd_only/DAN/gears/generation/generation.html


Use bit that came with M4-0.7 tap.
== Mesh Check ==


Remove parallels.
Looks promising:


Zero Z to drill bit shoulder.
[[File:Mesh check.png|thumb]]


<pre>
= Geometry =
G21 (set units to millimeters)
G90 (set measurements to absolute, relative to machine zero)
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above part)
G0 X9.5 Y9.5 (traverse to screw hole center XY)
F150 (set feed rate to 100mm per minute)
G1 Z-5 (peck to 4mm deep)
G0 Z6 (retract to 6mm above)
G0 Z0 (traverse to 0mm above)
G1 Z-10 (peck to 10mm deep)
G0 Z6 (retract to 6mm above)
G0 Z0 (traverse to 0mm above)
G1 Z-15 (peck to 15mm deep)
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above)
</pre>


==== Drill Slip Hole ====
== Circle from 3 Points ==


Use .166" or 4.25mm bit.
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4103405/what-is-the-algorithm-for-finding-the-center-of-a-circle-from-three-points#4103418
 
Remove parallels.
 
Zero Z to drill bit shoulder.


<pre>
<pre>
G21 (set units to millimeters)
  public static Circle circleFromPoints(final Point p1, final Point p2, final Point p3)
G90 (set measurements to absolute, relative to machine zero)
  {
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above part)
    final double offset = Math.pow(p2.x,2) + Math.pow(p2.y,2);
G0 X-9.5 Y-9.5 (traverse to origin XY)
    final double bc =  ( Math.pow(p1.x,2) + Math.pow(p1.y,2) - offset )/2.0;
F150 (set feed rate to 100mm per minute)
    final double cd =  (offset - Math.pow(p3.x, 2) - Math.pow(p3.y, 2))/2.0;
G1 Z-5 (peck to 4mm deep)
    final double det =  (p1.x - p2.x) * (p2.y - p3.y) - (p2.x - p3.x)* (p1.y - p2.y);
G0 Z6 (retract to 6mm above)
   
G0 Z0 (traverse to 0mm above)
    if (Math.abs(det) < TOL) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Yeah, lazy."); }
G1 Z-10 (peck to 10mm deep)
G0 Z6 (retract to 6mm above)
G0 Z0 (traverse to 0mm above)
G1 Z-15 (peck to 15mm deep)
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above)
</pre>
 
=== Arc Bore Center ===


Zero Tool Z w/ 3/8 Square End Mill
    final double idet = 1/det;
 
   
==== Bearing Retainer ====
    final double centerx = (bc * (p2.y - p3.y) - cd * (p1.y - p2.y)) * idet;
 
    final double centery =  (cd * (p1.x - p2.x) - bc * (p2.x - p3.x)) * idet;
<pre>
    final double radius =  
G21 (set units to millimeters)
      Math.sqrt( Math.pow(p2.x - centerx,2) + Math.pow(p2.y-centery,2));
G90 (set measurements to absolute, relative to machine zero)
   
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above part)
    return new Circle(new Point(centerx,centery),radius);
G0 X-9.5 Y-9.5 (traverse to origin XY)
  }
F150 (set feed rate to 100mm per minute)
G1 Z-5 (peck to 4mm deep)
G0 Z6 (retract to 6mm above)
G0 Z0 (traverse to 0mm above)
G1 Z-10 (peck to 10mm deep)
G0 Z6 (retract to 6mm above)
G0 Z0 (traverse to 0mm above)
G1 Z-15 (peck to 15mm deep)
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above)
</pre>
 
==== Bearing Cup ====
 
<pre>
G21 (set units to millimeters)
G90 (set measurements to absolute, relative to machine zero)
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above part)
G0 X-9.5 Y-9.5 (traverse to origin XY)
F150 (set feed rate to 100mm per minute)
G1 Z-5 (peck to 4mm deep)
G0 Z6 (retract to 6mm above)
G0 Z0 (traverse to 0mm above)
G1 Z-10 (peck to 10mm deep)
G0 Z6 (retract to 6mm above)
G0 Z0 (traverse to 0mm above)
G1 Z-15 (peck to 15mm deep)
G0 Z20 (traverse to 20mm above)
</pre>
</pre>

Latest revision as of 06:11, 4 August 2022


Links

G-Code

This may be specific to Acorn CNC at HSL.

Comments

Comments are in parentheses.

G0X0Y0 (rapid traverse to origin - the traverse will be executed, but this parenthetical comment is ignored)

Active Units

G20 (set active units to inches)
G21 (set active units to millimeters)

Absolute v. Incremental

G90 (absolute measurements, relative to machine zero)
G91 (incremental measurements, relative to previous ending position)

Feeds

F sets the feed rate in the active units.

G20 (inches)
F15 (15 inches per minute)
G1 X0 Y0 (traverse to origin at 15 IPM) (spaces are optional)
G21 (millimeters)
F375 (375 mm per minute)
G1X0Y0 (traverse to origin at 375mmPM)

Straight Line Traversal

G0 is fast traversal. Careful not to run the tool into the part. Each axis is run at full speed until reaching its destination (ie: the tool follows multiple line segments, not an interpolated straight line).

G21 (set millimeters)
G90 (set absolute coordinates)
G0X3 (fast traverse the X axis to origin + 3 millimeters)
G0X1Y-2.6Z3 (fast traverse to { 1, -2.6, 3 } millimeters)
G0X0Y0Z0 (fast traverse to origin)
G0 X1 Y-2.6 Z3 (fast traverse to { 1, -2.6, 3} mm with spaces for readability)

Straight Line Cuts

G1 is an interpolated straight line from current position to the new position, moving at feed rate.

G21 (set millimeters)
G90 (set absolute coordinates)
F350 (set feed speed to 350mm per minute)
G0X0Y0Z0 (move to origin)
G1X10Y20Z-5 (move in a straight line from {0,0,0} to {10,20,-5} at 350mm per minute)

Plane Selection

G17, G18, G19 select XY, ZX, or YZ as the active plane.

Arc Cuts

G2 is a clockwise cut from the current position { X1, Y1, Z1 } to the destination at { X2, Y2, Z2 } about the center { X1 + I, Y1 + J, Z1 + K }.

G3 is counterclockwise.

If the active plane is XY, all three Z's must be the same and do not need to be specified. The same applies for ZX and Y, and for YZ and X.

Note: I, J, and K are always incremental measurements from X1, Y1, Z1

G17 (set plane to XY)
G90 (set absolute coordinates)
G1 X-1 Y0 Z0 (cut line to {-1, 0, 0 } at feed rate)
G2 X1 Y0 I1 J0 (cut arc to { 1, 0, 0 } about center at { -1 + 1, 0 + 0, 0 } )

Drill Array Pecking

TBD

Bearing Cup

Gear Cutting

G-Code

GearCuttingVersionOne

Notes

Not Profile-Shifted

Profile Shifted

Mesh Check

Looks promising:

Mesh check.png

Geometry

Circle from 3 Points

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4103405/what-is-the-algorithm-for-finding-the-center-of-a-circle-from-three-points#4103418

  public static Circle circleFromPoints(final Point p1, final Point p2, final Point p3)
  {
    final double offset = Math.pow(p2.x,2) + Math.pow(p2.y,2);
    final double bc =   ( Math.pow(p1.x,2) + Math.pow(p1.y,2) - offset )/2.0;
    final double cd =   (offset - Math.pow(p3.x, 2) - Math.pow(p3.y, 2))/2.0;
    final double det =  (p1.x - p2.x) * (p2.y - p3.y) - (p2.x - p3.x)* (p1.y - p2.y); 
    
    if (Math.abs(det) < TOL) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Yeah, lazy."); }

    final double idet = 1/det;
     
    final double centerx =  (bc * (p2.y - p3.y) - cd * (p1.y - p2.y)) * idet;
    final double centery =  (cd * (p1.x - p2.x) - bc * (p2.x - p3.x)) * idet;
    final double radius = 
       Math.sqrt( Math.pow(p2.x - centerx,2) + Math.pow(p2.y-centery,2));
    
    return new Circle(new Point(centerx,centery),radius);
  }